Gene
Galasso came back from the Bruxelles Worlds Fair chockablock with
visual ideas. The fair was an optical extravaganza, ranging from the
architectural exclamations of the towering Atomium, to promotional
movies, giant photographs, and all manner of written images.
The
paths through many of the pavilions were rigid: you entered this
portal and you came out another, every step channeled. The
eye-fetching, circular American Pavilion designed by Edward Durell
Stone allowed visitors to enter in various places and wander about
without being forced this way and that. [The pavilion led to Stone’s
designing the Kennedy Center in D.C.]
What
really astonished visitors to the United States Pavilion was the
first European showing of a selection of artists known as Abstract
Expressionists, a movement that would overtake and dominate the
world, in one form or another, for several decades.
Unlike
the simplicity of the Americans, the French Pavilion was intended to
demonstrate that no one in the world could match French structural
imagination and engineering.
The
graphic ideas of Dutch artist Piet Mondrian were evidenced
everywhere: it was the heyday of Mondrian layouts: squares of varying
sizes and colors hemmed in by strong black or colored bars. No
curves, no squiggles. Gene brought Mondrianism back with him and
occasionally used its principles in some of the printed pieces we
produced for clients.
The
young artist who had almost lost his life to a big tuna off Cape Cod
was quickly broadening his horizon.
[I
first told his tuna adventure in detail in “An Arty Fish Tale,”
6 August 2012. When Gene appeared to me seeking a job as my graphics
designer he had already made strides as a painter.
[In
my earlier column is a picture of his oil painting of a lonely
fisherman standing on the shore. Gene entered this is a competition
at the Baltimore Museum of Art at a time when only abstract paintings
got critical recognition. Unlike the trend, Gene’s painting won
first prize.]
As
I reported last week, Gene went from Bruxelles to Paris to meet with
my new friends and clients, the cartonniers who were creating
modern, handwoven, Aubusson tapestries.
In
the spring of next year, 1959, the first showing in America dedicated
exclusively to modern French tapestries was held in the Museum of
Contemporary Crafts, just off Fifth Avenue in Mid-town Manhattan.
Mathieu Matégot was one of the artists I had met in Paris. He
came to the opening as official delegate from the Association des
Peintres-Cartonniers de Tapisserie, just one of many meetings we
would have on both sides of the Atlantic, as we became very close
friends.
The
head of the museum, Tom Tibbs, and I also became friends. Tom went on
to direct the art museum in Des Moines and later the one in La Jolla.
The
Mycenae behind the museum, Contemporary Crafts magazine, and
the entire American crafts movement was Aileen Osborn Vanderbilt
Webb, a woman of erudition, taste, enthusiasm, energy, and deep
pockets. Matégot and I were invited to visit her in her posh
apartment. It was the first time I saw privately owned paintings by
Van Gogh and Gauguin.
The
grand, by invitation, museum opening was a social event, meaning the
guests included many who flitted back and forth over the ocean but
had little understanding of art. Among the gadflies I met Salvadore
Dali. A day or so later I visited Tibbs in his office. Scowling, he
was not happy with the opening and referred to the guests as
including a lot of “Euro-trash.”
Time
magazine gave the show a two-page review, which included
illustrations of a tapestry by Mario Prassinos and one by Matégot.
I believe this may have been the historic first occasion that Time
used color in its editorial pages. (Shirley MacLaine was on the
cover.) The story was entitled “Murals of Wool.”
After
the exhibition closed at the Museum of Contemporary Crafts I brought
it for showing at the new Washingon headquarters of the National
Association of Home Builders. Mrs. Anne Marie Pope, the head of the
Smithsonian Institution’s Traveling Exhibition Service, saw it
there and asked to take over and circulate the collection to other
American museums.
This
circuit proved so successful that Anne Marie asked for a second group
of tapestries to circulate to other museums. I worked it out, and the
circuit was equally successful.
The
Crafts Museum catalog was a modest black and white production.
Informative, but not thrilling. Gene and I set out to create
something much better — a new book, lavishly illustrated. This
would be the first book I’d write about art.
Appropriating
Time’s title, I researched and wrote the text, which I
called Murals of Wool.
Then
Gene and I went to work to give the spiritually created physical
form.
Like
the Crafts Museum, we didn’t have a lot of money and needed to
economize whenever possible. Color photography and color separations
were costly. The rotogravure section of The Philadelphia Enquirer
printed a full page of color illustrations. For each illustrated
tapestry, the newspaper and Time generously provided us with
proofs of each color separation, and Gene was able to adapt these to
our use.
The
Washington Post ran a front-page photo of a Fernand Leger
tapestry when the collection came to Washington, but the separations
for pulp-paper printing were not suitable for us.
Gene
did a drypoint drawing of old Aubusson, with the Creuse River
bisecting it, and a drawing of a generic artist painting a cartoon.
Old Aubusson, with the Creuse River bisecting it.
Generic artist painting a cartoon.
At
the start of the text is an illustration of a small metal sculpture
depicting a weaver seated at his loom. This sculpture by M. Debičve
was given to me by Denise Majorel and Madeleine David of Gallery La
Demeure, Paris, the artists’ representatives. I have since used
the figure on my letterheads.
Being
hand-woven art, tapestries have a tactile feel. To convey this, we
decided to print Murals of Wool on a slightly textured stock.
Gene
selected a detail from a Matégot tapestry to use on the cover.
Offset
lithography uses four colors. Although there are standards, in
reality these four colors, including black, can vary.
Before
coming to work for me, Gene had been employed as staff artist for
Capitol Printing Ink Company. Knowing the demands of our color
separations, the nature of our paper, the abilities of our printer,
and the results he wanted, Gene personally formulated and supervised
the production of the inks our printer would use.
My scanner could not cover it all. There is more to the top and bottom.
The
resulting publication was gorgeous. In recognition, the national
Printers and Lithographers Association gave Murals of Wool and
its creators its highest award.
That
was like getting an Academy Award.
Most of my award. Again, the award plaque was too large for my scanner.
As
I wrote last week, I was helping as public relations counsel to the
American Society of Association Executives. ASAE was holding its
annual meeting in the Boca Raton Country Club in Florida. Because my
modest firm was working with a number of trade associations and
wanted more of them for clients, we needed to have a presence at the
convention.
I
also wanted to see the country club for personal reasons. During
WWII, the Air Corps commandeered it to train its meteorologists.
That’s where my brother Morris Richard was sent when he
enlisted. When the Corps decided it didn’t need any more
weathermen, Richard went off on a sequence of training assignments at
Yale, MIT, and Harvard, culminating in his becoming the atom bomb
operator on the Enola Gay.
George
Romney had headed the National Automobile Manufacturers Association
in Washington before he became CEO of American Motors, from which he
went on to become governor of Michigan. He was widely considered to
be a candidate for the United States presidency.
ASAE
wanted to honor him as the Trade Association Executive of the Year.
George came to Boca Raton to relax, play golf, receive the award, and
give an acceptance talk that was clearly of presidential quality.
My
staff and I were involved in these things. I had the delight in
telling Mrs. Romney that my mother had been named after her
grandmother and that her grandmother and my mother’s
grandmother were sisters.
Eager
to attract conventions, the four-star resort worked out a deal with
the Trade Association Executives. Room rates, which included all
meals, as well as use of the private Atlantic beach and the golf
course, were slashed. Rates for single or double occupancy were the
same. A post-convention trip to the Bahamas was offered.
I
planned to drive to Florida, taking my wife and staff members Gene
and Harry David, at agency expense of course.
At
the time Gene was seriously dating a single mother. I said to him,
“If you are serious about Liz, here is a way to save money on a
honeymoon. We’ll keep out of your way.”
Lawrence Jeppson is an art consultant, organizer and curator of art exhibitions, writer, editor
and publisher, lecturer, art historian, and appraiser. He is America's leading authority on
modern, handwoven French tapestries. He is expert on the works of William Henry Clapp, Nat
Leeb, Tsing-fang Chen, and several French artists.
He is founding president of the non-profit Mathieu Matégot Foundation for Contemporary
Tapestry, whose purview encompasses all 20th-century tapestry, an interest that traces back to
1948. For many years he represented the Association des Peintres-Cartonniers de Tapisserie and
Arelis in America.
Through the Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service, the American Federation of
Arts, the Museum of Modern Art, and his own Art Circuit Services he has been a contributor to
or organizer of more than 200 art exhibitions in the United States, Canada, Japan, and Taiwan.
He owns AcroEditions, which publishes and/or distributes multiple-original art. He was co-founder and artistic director of Collectors' Investment Fund.
He is the director of the Spring Arts Foundation; Utah Cultural Arts Foundation, and the Fine
Arts Legacy Foundation
Lawrence is an early-in-the-month home teacher, whose beat is by elevator. In addition, he has spent the past six years hosting and promoting reunions of the missionaries who served in the French Mission (France, Belgium, and Switzerland) during the decade after WWII.