A
week ago Saturday, activists for architectural preservation in Salt
Lake City organized a tour of old homes and churches in what is
called the Marmalade District of Capitol Hill.
One
of the places on tour was the old 24th Ward church, which
was built over 100 years ago. Secularized, about 18 months ago it
became the headquarters and rehearsal spaces for the Salt Lake Choral
Artists, an umbrella group of about eight different choirs under one
management.
Through
the generosity of the singers and benefactors Bryson and Jan Garbett,
I was given space to show my art collections. I like to quip, “The
singers got the floors; I got the walls.”
For
the first time ever I was able to display my collection of
contemporary, handwoven French tapestries. This probably is the
largest private collection in the United States and is far superior
to anything shown in any American museum. Eventually I would like to
give the collection to a museum.
A
view of the tapestry collection was touted as a tour attraction.
About 900 tour tickets were sold, and
although only a fraction of the purchasers would make it to the old
church, there was a steady stream all day.
From
time to time I’d say, “If you’d like, I’ll
give you my five-minute seance.” My audiences would vary from
three or four to maybe a dozen, and I’d speak longer than five
minutes if they seemed interested enough or asked questions. There
were lots of homes to see, and people couldn’t linger too long
if they wanted to see many of them.
I
own more than 20 tapestries by Mathieu Matégot, who was the
greatest innovator and genius among the tapestry artists and a very
close friend. In the quiet moments when there were no visitors I’d
reflect back on my long friendship with Matégot and the
adventures we shared.
Mathieu Matégot, 1910-2001
My
interest in modern French tapestries goes back to 1949, when I saw
them for the first time in the Museum of Modern Art in Paris. In
1958, I met Matégot at a group exhibition of tapestries in the
Museum of Decorative Arts, which occupies part of the vast Louvre
Palace. The artists belonged to the Association dePeintres-cartonniers de Tapisserie.
When
I expressed my enthusiasm for the exhibition, I was invited to meet
more of the artists at La Demeure, the art gallery that
represented them. This encounter led to a long association with La
Demeure and the cream of the great French tapestry artists, whom
I would thereafter represent in the United States and Canada.
Our
first exhibition was at the Museum of Contemporary Crafts in New York
City, 1949. Probably at his own expense, Matégot came to New
York as the association’s representative at this, the first
showing of modern French tapestries in the United States.
The
prime benefactor of the museum and a redoubtable supporter of
American crafts was Mrs. Vanderbilt Webb. Matégot and I were
invited to her luxurious apartment, where I saw walls hung with
Gauguin, Van Gogh, and other notables.
The
director of the Crafts Museum was Thomas Tibbs. He hung the
collection sent by La Demeure. The largest tapestry was from
Jean Lurçat’s La Chant du Monde/Song of the World
series. Tibbs thought it was “atrocious” and refused to
hang it. When he finally relented he hung it on the low wall and
floor of the mezzanine.
At
the opening Matégot and I were introduced to a lot of people.
The most famous that I can remember was Salvadore Dali. Many were
society flockers who spent their lives traipsing back and forth
across the Atlantic. I was pleased by the turnout, but when I met
Tibbs a day or two after the opening, he scowled and referred to a
lot of the guests as “Euro-trash.”
Tom
subsequently became director of the art museum in Des Moines and
ultimately the one in La Jolla.
The
Crafts Museum collection moved to an exhibition space in the
headquarters of the National Association of Home Builders in
Washington, D.C. It was seen by the Smithsonian Institution Traveling
Exhibition Service (SITES), who took it over and circulated it to
other museums.
The
collection was so popular that SITES asked me to supply a second
circulating collection, which I did.
Matégot, Lawrence Jeppson, and United States Senator Wallace Bennett examine Mobilis at a tapestry exhibition at the National Association of Home Builders, Washington, D.C., 1959.
Matégot
and I met often after that. I was approached by Charles Snitow, an
entrepreneur who owned the United States World Trade Fair in New York
(as well as other trade shows), and he gave me a huge space for a
tapestry exhibition in the New York Coliseum. Matégot came for
that. The next year, I was given the same space for a huge one-man
Matégot tapestry exhibition. Of course Mathieu came.
We
were invited to the Snitows’ Scarsdale home for dinner.
Afterwards the men adjourned to another room and Charlie passed out
cigars. I declined the cigar. It was my first encounter with that old
English custom of post-dinner gender separation.
Vice
President Lyndon Johnson paid a visit to the Trade Fair, and when he
came to our space he met Matégot. A photographer took pictures
— of Johnson, Matégot, and me. Unfortunately, I could
not trace the photographer, and Matégot never got his coveted
picture with the vice president.
On
other occasions I introduced Matégot to Bill Gay, Los Angeles,
who ran the reclusive Howard Hughes empire; Glendon Johnson, head of
American National Insurance headquartered in Galveston; Sam Barshop,
San Antonio, the founder of La Quinta motels. Gay and Johnson were
stalwart Latter-day Saints.
Bertrand
Goldberg (1913-1997), a Chicago native, studied under Mies van der
Rohe at the Bauhaus in Berlin. He became celebrated when he designed
the ground-breaking Marina City on the banks of the Chicago River.
Marina City comprises two 65-story round towers, five-story
elevators, a mid-rise hotel, and a marina on the river. It was the
first building in the United States to be constructed using tower
cranes.
Before
building Marina City, Goldberg began designing the Astor Tower Hotel,
which he called the “structural prototype” for the
former. Both buildings employed a poured concrete core containing
utilities and elevators. The hotel core is exposed up to the fifth
floor. The Astor Tower would be a suites hotel, only four suites per
floor. In the basement Goldberg built a replica of one of the most
famous restaurants in Paris, Maxim’s.
The Astor Tower Hotel
Maxim’s
was in keeping with Goldberg’s decision to make the fifth and
sixth floors a permanent French Cultural Center. The opening show was
a very large one-man exhibition of Matégot tapestries. Of
course, Matégot and I came for the festivities. (It was the
first time I ever rented a tuxedo.) We were each given a suite on a
higher floor.
We
met with the French Commercial Attaches, the owners of Chicago’s
foremost galleries, and a collector who was proud of his group of
Picassos. Mathieu lectured to the Alliance Française.
(He was not a very animated speaker. I later translated his words
into English.)
I
interpreted when he was interviewed by the art critic for the Chicago
Sun-Times. This resulted in a full-page review of Matégot’s
work. Needless to say, the critic and I remained friends for many
years.
One
evening I took Mathieu to a typical Chicago steakhouse. When he was
served, he went a little bug-eyed. He exclaimed, “This is not a
steak but half a cow.” (That’s kind of a free
translation.) His favorite food was Idaho baked potato.
In
San Antonio we strolled the wonderful Paseo del Rio (River Walk)
through the heart of town. In one of its restaurants we ordered the
best Mexican dinner I have ever eaten.
On
several occasions in France Matégot took me to Aubusson to
meet with François Tabard, owner of the atelier that wove most
of Matégot’s work. On another occasion he drove me to
Rouen to see his commissioned tapestry Rouen, which is the
largest modern tapestry ever woven in one piece. It covers 100 square
yards of wall!
After
the American moon landing, the National Air and Space Museum
displayed the moon rocks the astronauts brought back. Inspired by
them, Matégot went home and created the cartoon for a huge
tapestry, Man’s First Step on the Moon, 13' high x 10'
wide. Matégot wanted to give the tapestry to the museum, and
the gift was arranged by Henry Luce, Jr., the son of the founder of
Time, Life, and Fortune magazines.
The
full-scale cartoon was hung in the museum, and a ceremony was
arranged for Michael Collins, who had been in the Command Space Craft
while Armstrong and Alddrin walked the surface, Luce, and other
Smithsonian officials.
I
accompanied Mategot and was part of the group, but the Smithsonian
photographer had no idea who I was or why I was there, and he moved
us all around for the picture so that when he snapped, the only part
of Jeppson showing was a couple of shoes. I was too dumb to realize
what he was doing, and I lost out being a recorded part of this
historical moment.
Man’s
First Step on the Moon was a large tapestry, more 14 square yards
of it. Mategot paid the prodigious weaving cost out of his own pocket
and gave the completed tapestry to the American people as a gift. He
loved America. His two older sisters were living in Manhattan and
Princeton, and his mother was buried here.
For
many years the tapestry hung opposite the lunar model on the main
floor of the museum. Exhibits change, and I don’t know if it is
currently being shown. It should be, permanently, either in the
museum on the Mall or at the larger Air and Space annex, the Steven
F. Udvar-Hazy Center, near Dulles airport.
On
another occasion Mathieu and I went together, with his son Patrice,
to Limoges, France. The Aubusson weaving house of Tabard Brothers and
Sisters had been handed down in the family since 1637. François
Tabard had been Mathieu’s close friend and the most celebrated
of all the weavers in the renaissance of French tapestry.
The
atelier had been run by two brothers and two sisters. All had died
without children. In 1985, the estate went up for auction in Limoges.
This included work by many of the artists I had represented.
I
added to my modest resources all the money I could borrow and went
off to France. As Mathieu and Patrice watched, I bought every Matégot
tapestry I could afford. I gave up trying to acquire a large one
called Mindanao. I discovered later I was bidding against one
of the national museums of France.
The
auction took two days. After the first day, over a typically
delicious French dinner, I interrogated Mathieu about many things,
particularly his experiences as a prisoner of war during WW2. He was
imprisoned for four years. He escaped twice, lived awhile with a
woman who sheltered him, was recaptured each time.
He
was tired, and when he went off to bed he had a bad headache. I gave
him some Nuprin, which was a relatively new American over-the-counter
pain killer. He came back to me the next morning all smiles and said
the pills were “spectacular.” He had never taken anything
that worked so well. I gave him the rest of my bottle.
When
the auction ended, the Matégots went back to the hotel, and I
remained to settle up with the auctioneers. I had to pay not only the
hammer prices for what I had bought but buyer’s premiums on
each piece. These premiums were on a sliding percentage scale, each
segment of the price carrying its own premium.
Because
I had bought so much and because — they said — I was
always smiling, I was the last buyer to have his charges figured and
added. I spent what seemed a couple of hours signing thousands of
dollars of $100 travelers’ checks.
In
July, 1990, the contemporary tapestry museum in Angers, France,
staged Matégot’s last retrospective. (There are only two
dedicated tapestry museums in France, the other being in Aubusson.)
The show included the huge Rouen tapestry; Man’s
First Step on the Moon, borrowed from the National Air and Space
Museum; and the gold medal winner from the 12th Milan
Triennial, Piège de Lumière/Shaft of Light,
which I now own.
I
went off to France for the opening. (No tux needed this time.)
Mathieu and I took the superfast train to Angers, where Patrice was
then living. Mathieu and I were guests of the Mayor of Angers. He put
us up in rooms in the finest old hotel in downtown Angers. (I found
the bed was so Frenchman short that I had a miserable night.)
Angers
is the home to The Apocalypse of Saint John, a suite of famous
medieval tapestries, and the city is determined to keep the art and
craft alive by subsidizing a weaving atelier of significant
importance.
At
the peak of his financial success, Matégot designed and built
an ultra-modern home in the middle of the Forest of Fontainebleau.
Built on several levels to accommodate the terrain, it used a huge
amount of glass.
Frances
and I visited Mathieu, his wife, and his pet rooster and were
impressed by the home and its architecture. (Electricity is very
expensive in France, and all the glass walls made maintenance
extremely costly. Eventually, Mathieu had to sell his dream house and
move back to Paris.)
I
commissioned Matégot to create 30 maquettes for
production as limited-edition silkscreen prints and, eventually,
enlarged, as tapestries. These were his last commissions, as he was
beginning to have problems with glaucoma. In Maryland I took him to
see my eye doctor.
He
made two trips back to Washington, where he and I and Lou Stoval, a
master printer, turned five of these maquettes into stunning
silkscreen prints. After Matégot turned the print of Gordium
Station into a tapestry cartoon, I had Micheline Henry, Patrice’s
wife and owner of a weaving atelier in Aubusson, produce the
tapestry. It was to be Mathieu’s last.
Gordium Station, the limited-edition serigraph print from which the enlarged tapestry was made.
I
had not been able to get to Paris for a couple of years. So Mathieu,
accompanied by Patrice, came to see me. Mathieu, in a gentle scold,
said, “If Mahomet won’t come to the mountain, the
mountain must come to Mahomet.”
I
arranged for a small reception at the home of Kay and Mitzi Daines,
whom he already knew, as were the other guests. Photos were taken of
each guest with the seated artist.
Frances, Mathieu, and Lawrence at the Daines' reception, 1999
The
next day in his Gaithersburg hotel Matégot said to me, “If
I weren’t so old, I’d join your church. Your friends are
all such good people.”
I
thought this might be our last encounter. But the next year Frances
and I went to Denmark for a meeting of the Mormon Historical
Association commemorating the 150th anniversary of the
Church sending mission to non-English Europe. We made it a point of
coming home via Paris.
We
found Mathieu in a small, but new studio apartment provided him
through his friendship with French President Jacques Chirac. Matégot,
90 and nearly blind, brought out a small, flat box, the kind that
might have been used as a gift box for a cravat. Sitting on the edge
of his bed, he opened the box.
Inside
was a ribbon and a large gold medal. Matégot had been made a
Commander in the Order of Arts and Letters, France’s
highest honor.
Usually
such an honor is conferred with pomp and circumstance, and some high
official would present the medal and tie its ribbon around the
recipient’s neck.
Matégot
said, “I have not allowed anyone to present this to me. I have
been waiting for my friend Lawrence to do that.”
With
tears running down all our cheeks, I tied the ribbon with its medal
around Mathieu’s neck.
It
was the last time we would see each other.
(The title "Matégot the Magnificent" was given to the artist by André Parinaud, the editor of an important French art periodical and author of articles about the artist. Later, Parinaud and his wife and I shared a delightful visit to the Hirshhorn Museum in WDC.)
Lawrence Jeppson is an art consultant, organizer and curator of art exhibitions, writer, editor
and publisher, lecturer, art historian, and appraiser. He is America's leading authority on
modern, handwoven French tapestries. He is expert on the works of William Henry Clapp, Nat
Leeb, Tsing-fang Chen, and several French artists.
He is founding president of the non-profit Mathieu Matégot Foundation for Contemporary
Tapestry, whose purview encompasses all 20th-century tapestry, an interest that traces back to
1948. For many years he represented the Association des Peintres-Cartonniers de Tapisserie and
Arelis in America.
Through the Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service, the American Federation of
Arts, the Museum of Modern Art, and his own Art Circuit Services he has been a contributor to
or organizer of more than 200 art exhibitions in the United States, Canada, Japan, and Taiwan.
He owns AcroEditions, which publishes and/or distributes multiple-original art. He was co-founder and artistic director of Collectors' Investment Fund.
He is the director of the Spring Arts Foundation; Utah Cultural Arts Foundation, and the Fine
Arts Legacy Foundation
Lawrence is an early-in-the-month home teacher, whose beat is by elevator. In addition, he has spent the past six years hosting and promoting reunions of the missionaries who served in the French Mission (France, Belgium, and Switzerland) during the decade after WWII.