Three
drawings of old men intrigue me. One was done 580 years ago. The
second, about 165 years ago. The third, 29 years ago.
All
were done by master artists.
After
much hemming and hawing, I decided to start with the most recent and
work backwards. Why? The oldest is the most intriguing, the newest
the least mysterious.
After
spending a dozen years in Paris, Taiwanese Dr. Tsing-fang Chen came
to Washington to participate in a Formosan Independence Protest
Rally. That’s where we met and became instant friends, holding
forth in French. Not long afterwards, urged on by many of us, he
emigrated to New York City with Lucia, his Taiwanese bride he met in
Paris.
The
Chens moved to a Maryland house in suburban Washington, D.C., where
they lived until they decided he needed to be closer to the action.
They acquired a townhouse on Wisconsin Avenue, not far from the
National Cathedral. It was zoned commercial and already had a display
window in front. This became both home and gallery, and I spent much
time there.
The
Chens decided his art needed to have a stronger New York City
presence. They acquired a couple of older buildings in the SoHo area,
moved back to the Big Apple, and converted them to a gallery and a
cultural center from which Chen’s important international
following was spawned.
Before
leaving D.C., Chen came out to our Bethesda house and drew my pencil
portrait. I recall, his intent was to use it in New York to paint my
oil portrait. In the move the sketch disappeared into the Chen files
and boxes.
When
Lucia found the pencil portrait last year, she gave it to my
Manhattan daughter, who sent it to me a few weeks ago.
Tsing-fang Chen, Portrait of Lawrence Jeppson at Age 58.
There
is no question about the authenticity of this drawing: I was there
when it was done.
This
next portrait, Resting Figure with Staff, is also a pencil
sketch. It consists of a barefooted, bearded, ill-dressed man
sitting on a box and with a bag of what might be his only
possessions. Pencil sketch on blue-buff paper, ca. 1845.
Gustave Courbet (attributed to), Resting Figure with Staff
The
drawing is signed with the monograph “G C.” When the
drawing was given to me by a Paris friend many years ago, it was
“attributed to Gustave Courbet.” Courbet’s initials
match the monogram.
I
went through the 1976 ten-volume edition of the Bénézit
Dictionnaire des Peintres, Sculpteurs, Dessinateurs, et Graveurs,
which has tens of thousands of names and brief biographies, looking
for another artist with the initials G. C. and found no one other
than Courbet (1819-1877) whose career would fit this drawing.
Is
my old man a genuine Gustave Courbet, another author of the same
initials, or an outright impostor deliberately masquerading as a
Courbet?
The
attachment of a genuine name is only of psychological and market
value. The more famous the artist, the happier we are with the art
and the more it is worth in the marketplace.
But
if we can divorce ourselves from the natural man, the social quality
and market worth of a work of art should depend only on its intrinsic
quality. Forget who did it. Is it good?
This
sleeping old man is exquisitely drawn. I refuse to find fault with
myself for believing it probably is the real McCourbet.
My
third old man drawing poses even greater challenges. It is a finely
depicted drawing done in silverpoint, a fine-line medium used before
the invention of graphite sticks or pencils for drawing. Van Eyck
(1390-1441) might have made the very detailed drawing in preparation
for his famous Man in a Red Turban. The pose is the same. The
turban is the same. But there are significant differences.
The
faces are not quite the same, and the men wear different coats. All
artists are apt to make changes between model and finished product.
The most astonishing difference is the greater completeness of the
silverpoint. This old man has hands, a quill pen, and paper. The oil
does not. Was the London painting once larger?
Looking
at the silverpoint, several questions pop up. Is the coat the man is
wearing of the van Eyck period? Does the quality match the Flemish
painter? Is the paper of the period?
When
Nat sent me information about the drawing it came with a very long,
comprehensive essay of authenticity by a well-known German scholar
who specialized in the period. The expert went into comprehensive
detail, including analysis of the paper and watermarks. He had no
doubt that the drawing was a genuine van Eyck.
Unfortunately,
when critics and authorities die, the value of their opinions
diminishes or may perish altogether. The probable reason: the scholar
is no longer around to be questioned.
Was
that certification really his? Had he changed his opinion?
Jan van Eyck, Old Man with a Turban, silverpoint drawing.
Jan van Eyck, Man in a Red Turban, possibly a self-portrait, now in the National Gallery, London.
The
silverpoint drawing reputedly came through a modern branch of the
Sforza family of Italy, whose progenitor Ludovico Sforza (1452-1508),
the first Duke of Milan, was renowned for his art collecting.
The
drawing needed more recent certification. Certified, it would be
worth a fortune.
My
friend Nat Leeb brought the silverpoint to America, and we consulted
Adelyn Breeskin, America’s authority on Mary Cassatt, at the
Smithsonian’s National Collection of American Art. Previously
she had been the Director of the Baltimore Museum of Art, the first
woman in America to head a major art museum.
For
best expertise, Adelyn recommended we take the drawing to curators at
the Fogg Museum, Harvard University. Off we went to Boston.
The
Fogg kept and studied the drawing for a long time before returning
it. Paper experts there confirmed that the paper was from the period.
They could not say for certain that the drawing was by Jan van Eyck.
Why
not? They had nothing against the drawing. But there are virtually no
other van Eyck drawings extant to which they could compare it.
Where
is the silverpoint now?
What
has happened to it?
Who
owns it?
I
have no idea. I can’t ask Nat. He died two decades ago. But
somewhere someone or some museum owns a fantastic drawing that
probably was by van Eyck. It may have been so certified in these
later years.
Of
all the drawings I have ever held in my hands or seen on a wall, this
one was my favorite.
Lawrence Jeppson is an art consultant, organizer and curator of art exhibitions, writer, editor
and publisher, lecturer, art historian, and appraiser. He is America's leading authority on
modern, handwoven French tapestries. He is expert on the works of William Henry Clapp, Nat
Leeb, Tsing-fang Chen, and several French artists.
He is founding president of the non-profit Mathieu Matégot Foundation for Contemporary
Tapestry, whose purview encompasses all 20th-century tapestry, an interest that traces back to
1948. For many years he represented the Association des Peintres-Cartonniers de Tapisserie and
Arelis in America.
Through the Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service, the American Federation of
Arts, the Museum of Modern Art, and his own Art Circuit Services he has been a contributor to
or organizer of more than 200 art exhibitions in the United States, Canada, Japan, and Taiwan.
He owns AcroEditions, which publishes and/or distributes multiple-original art. He was co-founder and artistic director of Collectors' Investment Fund.
He is the director of the Spring Arts Foundation; Utah Cultural Arts Foundation, and the Fine
Arts Legacy Foundation
Lawrence is an early-in-the-month home teacher, whose beat is by elevator. In addition, he has spent the past six years hosting and promoting reunions of the missionaries who served in the French Mission (France, Belgium, and Switzerland) during the decade after WWII.