I enjoy the people I play golf with, and I think they enjoy me. While on the fairways we talk
mostly about golf, but if not that we talk about politics or family or church, and sometimes we
even tell a few good jokes.
But one day recently I began to talk about my work with history and historians and was suddenly
taken aback when my partner asked, "Why do you read all that stuff anyway? What good does it
do?" I don't remember exactly what I said but, in my dismay that anyone would ask such a
question, I stumbled around for a minute or so with such things as "just plain interest,"
"understanding the present," "developing historically informed opinions," and "the value of
knowing how our nation, and the Church, got to where they are."
But I should not have been shocked for, sadly, over the years I have discovered that, like most
Americans, not a lot of Latter-day Saints read much history. They are usually delighted when
they hear an LDS scholar or teacher present a fireside on some aspect of Church history --
especially the so-called "faith-promoting" history. But reading history books, even Church
history, does not seem to be among their priorities.
I think I know why, though I won't go into that right now. Rather, I just want to urge anyone
who happens to be reading this to consider picking up some good book (or, if not a book, an
article) on Church history and devouring it. (No, don't eat it -- just read it, enjoy it, and learn
from it!)
Why? Well, "just interest" can be one good reason, but there are others. For one thing, I am
convinced that once you immerse yourself in the study of history -- even one good book -- you
will find your personal life enriched in several ways. Not only will you find good history really
interesting, but you will also find that your understanding of the past and of how and why
various things developed and/or changed over the years will help you better understand the
Church itself.
All this can inevitably lead to more interesting conversation and, in my estimation, a more
fulfilling life.
An old but true cliché says that "variety is the spice of life," suggesting the importance of new
experiences and new ideas to help us along the road to eternal progression. We believe in
vicarious work for the dead, but through the study of history the dead can vicariously provide
fascinating new experiences for us. Did you ever think of that?
I am also convinced that the more history we read, the better we understand the Church. History
teaches us not only when, how, and why it all began, but also how things change, and how the
Church got to be where it is today. As Latter-day Saints this should be important to us, especially
in this time of renewed challenges to testimony and increasing attacks on our history from
unfriendly sources.
It is too easy to be caught "off guard," not knowing how to deal with some of the historical facts
propounded by critics. And yes, many of the things they use to embarrass us are facts, but they
are not often presented by the naysayers in their real historical context.
Of course, it might be "safe" just to close our eyes and pay no attention to the naysayers, but
what if a child, other family member, or friend does pay attention, and questions you about it?
You won't find simple, one-phrase answers in the history books, but you will broaden your
understanding of what really happened, see it in historical context, and be able to deal with many
questions as an informed person.
Finally, by reading history we are actually fulfilling a commandment. As the Lord instructed
Joseph Smith, he was not only to translate the scriptures but also "obtain a knowledge of history,
and of countries, and of kingdoms, of laws of God and man, and all this for the salvation of
Zion" (D&C 93:53). If that was so important to the Prophet, why not to us?
So how do you find the "best" history to read? In some future notes in my "Rambling Thoughts
on Church History" I will suggest a few things of special interest. But for now, here are just a
few guidelines:
Although some very good articles have been published in Church magazines, you also need
to go beyond these sources, for their focus is usually quite limited.
Read books and articles by respected historical authorities. They don't need a doctorate to
be good scholars and writers. They only have to have a good grasp of their sources and
write with the idea of telling a truly accurate story.
In general, try to avoid pejorative history -- that is, history that is written either for the
express purpose of disparaging or belittling the Church or for the express purpose of
disparaging or belittling the naysayers. There can be be some "good stuff" there, and at a
later date I will point to some of the best replies to those who belittle the Church through its
history, but pejorative history is usually very narrow in its focus.
Don't be afraid to read non-Mormon scholars. The really good ones are not out to damage
the Church, and many have written some excellent, well-balanced histories. At first you
may feel uncomfortable with the fact that the narrative style is different from what you
often read in Church publications, and you will certainly not see them bearing testimony of
the gospel. However, in general you will see some very honest and commendable efforts to
understand LDS history.
Begin with some good biographies, for they are not only some of the most interesting
reading but also the most revealing of how the Church affected individuals in the course of
its history. You might begin with some recent biographies of Church presidents, such as To
the Rescue: The Biography of Thomas S. Monson, by Heidi S. Swinton, or Spencer W.
Kimball, by Edward L. Kimball and Andrew E. Kimball, Jr., followed by Lengthen Your
Stride: The Presidency of Spencer W. Kimball, by Edward L. Kimball.
Expect to be surprised, and even have some of your pre-conceptions about history changed.
That's part of what make's history fun!
Finally, remember that history is not, by nature, "true," nor is it "everything that has happened
in the past." By that I simply mean that no one has access to all that happened in the past, for not
everything that ever happened was observed, and not everything that was observed was
remembered, and not everything that was remembered was recorded, and not everything that was
recorded has survived, and not everything that has survived has come to the historians' attention,
and not everything that has come to the historian's attention is credible (i.e., even those who
recorded what they saw had their biases) and not everything that is credible has been grasped or
fully understood by historians, and not everything that has been grasped can be fully expounded.
What we have in the history books, then, is, at best, only the expounded part of the understood
part of the discovered part of the recorded part of the remembered part of the observed part of
what happened in the past (paraphrasing Louis Gottshalk in his Understanding History).
The historian is required to take this very incomplete record and present it as his or her best
explanation, or interpretation, of what he or she has found in the records. History, including
Church history, then becomes an interpretation of the past, but never a truly full account. But we
are always discovering new documents that shed new light on the past, which will inevitably
bring new understanding and new interpretation. That's another thing that makes it so much fun!
JAMES B. ALLEN, Professor of History, Emeritus, Brigham Young University
James B. Allen was born June 14, 1927, in Ogden, Utah. He married Renée Jones, April 16,
1953. They have five children, twenty-one grandchildren and eight great-grandchildren . He
received his bachelor's degree in history form Utah State University in 1954, a master's degree
from Brigham Young University in 1956, and the Ph.D. from the University of Southern
California in 1963.
Active in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints all his life, he has served in numerous
positions, including bishop of two BYU wards and a member of 5 different BYU high councils.
In 1999-2000 he and Renée served as missionaries at the Boston Institute of Religion.
He has also been active in the Republican party and twice served as a delegate to the state
convention.
In his professional career, he taught in the LDS Seminary and Institute program from 1954-63,
after which he was a member of the faculty at Brigham Young University until his retirement in
1992. From 1972 to 1979 he also served as Assistant Church Historian (splitting his time
between BYU and the Church Historical Department). He was chair of the History Department
from 1981-1987 then, during his last five years at BYU, he was honored to hold the Lemuel
Hardison Redd, Jr. Chair in Western American History. After his retirement he became
associated with the Joseph Fielding Smith Institute for Latter-day Saint History at BYU, where
for several years he held an appointment as a Senior Research Fellow.
He has also been active in various professional organizations, including the Western History
Association (served on various committees, and as chair of a program committee) and the
Mormon History Association (president, 1971-73). He has been on various boards of editors and
advisory committees and presented numerous papers at the meetings of various historical
associations.
As a researcher and writer he is the author, co-author, or co-editor of fourteen books or
monographs and around 90 articles relating to Western American history and Mormon history,
as well as numerous book reviews in professional journals. Some of his books include the
following:
The Company Town in the American West (University of Oklahoma Press, 1966)
The Story of the Latter-day Saints (with Glen M. Leonard; Deseret Book Company, 1976;
2nd edition 1992)
Trials of Discipleship: The Story of William Clayton, a Mormon (University of Illinois
Press, 1987). Revised and republished in 2002 by BYU Press under the title No
Toil Nor Labor Fear: The Story of William Clayton. In 1986, while still in press,
this book won the prestigious David Woolley Evans and Beatrice Cannon Evans
Biography Award.
Men With a Mission: The Quorum of the Twelve Apostles in the British Isles, 1837-1841
(with Ronald K. Esplin and David J. Whittaker, Deseret Book Company, 1992)
Studies in Mormon History 1830-1997: An Indexed Bibliography (with Ronald W.
Walker and David J. Whittaker; University of Illinois Press, 2000). Allen was the
lead investigator for this important work. It lists, and provides an index to, all the
significant books, articles, doctoral dissertations and master's theses on Mormon
history produced between 1830 and 1997. It has been widely hailed as one of the
most important aids to finding LDS history ever published. In 2001 the Mormon
History Association awarded the authors a special citation for the publication of
this book. After that, working with J. Michael Hunter, Allen continued to update
the bibliography database. Hunter has now taken over the updating, and the
database is online at mormonhistory.byu.edu.
Mormon History (with Ronald W. Walker and David J. Whittaker, University of Illinois
Press, 2001). This book is a history of the writing of Mormon history, from the
days of Joseph Smith until the present time.
Over the years he has received various awards, honors, and recognitions, besides those indicated
above. Among them were several "best article" awards; the Karl G. Maeser Research and
Creative Arts Award, Brigham Young University, 1980; named Distinguished Faculty Lecturer,
Brigham Young University, 1984; named a Fellow of the Utah State Historical Society, July 15,
1988; the Leonard J. Arrington Award for a Distinctive Contribution to the cause of Mormon
History, awarded by the Mormon History Asociation, 2008.
James and Renée have enjoyed living in Orem, Utah since 1963.
He currently serves as Sunday School President in his ward, and he and Renée have been officiators
in the Mt. Timpanogos Temple since 2004.