I remember once hearing about a member of another Christian church who took it amiss that he
came to a Mormon sacrament meeting and hardly heard the name of Jesus spoken aloud. "How
can you call yourselves Christians?"
Yet I have the opposite problem. When I chance to watch a Christian television show (or hear a
politician being interviewed by a minister) I hear them repeat the name of the Savior so often
that I wince. How can they use his sacred name so casually, as if it were a matter of no
consequence to utter it?
We Mormons speak of the Savior constantly, but instead of the name he bore during his mortal
ministry, we use titles: the Savior, the Lord, the Master, Christ, the Son of God, the Redeemer.
Since "Jesus" (Yeshua) means "deliverer," we can even say that "Savior" and "Redeemer" are
translations of his name.
It is not that we forbid the use of his name, as Jews forbid uttering the Tetragrammaton -- far
from it. Every prayer, every talk, every testimony is uttered in the name of Jesus Christ.
But over time, without any official declaration on the matter (as far as I know), our discourse
within the Church has become so respectful of the name of Christ that we do not utter it lightly.
I think this is a good thing, and if members of other faiths question it, it becomes an excellent
opportunity to explain that for us, reverence includes referring to the Savior as "Jesus" primarily
when we are talking about things he did and said during his mortal ministry.
And when we English-speakers address the Lord in prayer, we are expected to dip back into a
form of English no one uses anymore -- to the point that computer spell checkers consistently
mark the verbs of this form as errors.
I speak of "Thou," "Thee," "Thy," and "Thine," and the verbs that go with them (or, for
grammarians, the declensions and conjugations in the second person singular, or SPS).
We do have a lot of returned missionaries and others who speak European languages who know
perfectly well how to conjugate in the SPS -- just not in English!
Why? Because we get no practice. When would we hear it, except in prayer? It is never correct
to speak to a group in the singular, so it doesn't come up in talks. (Except when people end a
talk "in the name of Thy Son," which is merely absurd, since the Savior is not the son of any
individual in the congregation).
When I was young and not yet married, I fancied the idea of raising my children with the use of
the SPS within the intimacy of our home. But once married, I discovered that it sounded quite
absurd to say, "Wilt thou give me the remote, dear?" or "Pass thou the chips, please, if thou art
through with them."
When you don't get what you're asking for till the other person stops laughing, you quickly lose
your enthusiasm for using the SPS.
Many times I've heard members -- new converts and lifers alike -- get themselves into
sentences from which they have no means of escape. The dangerous word for them is "that,"
because it introduces a clause which must contain a verb.
For example, few are threatened by saying, "We thank thee for thy many blessings." Why? No
verb after "thee."
We aren't even bothered by tucking in a participle: "We thank thee for giving us these great
blessings."
But when you happen to start the sentence, "We are grateful that thou ...", ah, there the fun -- or
panic -- begins.
A lot of people are so unsure of the SPS that they don't know whether to use "thee," "thou," or
"thy" in that context -- I have heard all three, many times. And the verb that follows is
anyone's guess.
Many simply despair, and pray using the second person plural -- "you" and "your." They have
no problem then: "We are grateful that you have blessed us" or "we are grateful that you gave us
the scriptures." Perfectly good modern English -- but not the language of respect that we try to
use in our prayers.
The secret is to use helper verbs -- and memorize the list.
Instead of the (perfectly correct) sentences, "We are grateful that thou gavest us the gospel" or
"We thank thee for all that thou blessest us with," use a helper verb: "We are grateful that thou
hast given us the gospel" or "We thank thee for all that thou dost bless us with."
(And please, no letters about ending sentences with a preposition -- the teacher who taught you
that "rule" was misinformed. One of the glories of English is that we can attach prepositions to
verbs and end sentences with them.)
Here is a list of the useful auxiliary verbs that can get you out of those troublesome "that"
clauses: hast, dost, didst, canst, couldst, shouldst, wouldst, mightest, shalt, wilt, and art -- for
has/have, does, did, can, could, should, would, might, shall, will, and are.
Much more troublesome to use properly are the past tense conjugations of "to be." You'll see
both "wast" and "wert," but in the SPS "wast" is the simple past and "wert" is the subjunctive;
and if you have no idea what I'm talking about, best not to use "wert" at all. (Romans 11:24 is
subjunctive, for instance, being in a counterfactual "if" clause.)
The negatives are never contracted, as in "don't," "won't," "hasn't." Instead, you'd say "thou
dost not," "thou shalt not," "thou hast not."
If this sounds daunting, that's no surprise. The SPS is no longer part of English. It's like
learning a bit of a foreign language in order to talk to God!
But it used to be English, and if you read the King James Version of the Bible with particular
attention to the uses of ye/you/your/yours versus thou/thee/thy/thine, you'll find it begins to
sound more and more natural.
Here are some chapters of the Bible thick with examples of the SPS: Ezekiel 16; Psalm 89:6-19;
Ether 12:23-37; Revelation 2:2-20; and the very best is Jesus' prayer in John 17.
Read those verses aloud, and it will be a great learning exercise preparing you to pray reverently
in public.
Don't be distracted by the verbs that end in "-eth" or "-th." These have nothing to do with
grammar or correctness or reverence -- they're merely the London dialect of the early 1600s,
when the King James Version was translated. Not long afterward, the th endings were all
dropped in favor of the northern dialect's "-s" ending.
So "saith" became "says," "hath" became "has," "overcometh" became "overcomes," and so on
(Rev. 2:17). There is absolutely no change in meaning or grammar in shifting from the "-th" to
the "-s," and it shows no disrespect to the Lord to use the modern English verb endings in "-s."
However, it is much easier to hear and understand scriptures read aloud if you use the modern
pronunciation. Read Rev. 2:17 aloud, and then read it this way: "He that has an ear, let him hear
what the Spirit says unto the churches; To him that overcomes will I give to eat of the hidden
manna, and will give him a white stone, and in the stone a new name written, which no man
knows saving him that receives it." This is not a new translation, just a present-day English
pronunciation of the identical words with the identical meanings.
All the other pronunciation changes since the early 1600s we apply to the scriptures without a
qualm. For instance, "boil" and "oil" used to rhyme with "bile" and "aisle." But if you read
them aloud that way, nobody would understand you! There is no reason I can think of to keep
our pronunciation in line with Elizabethan and Jacobian English.
Orson Scott Card is the author of the novels Ender's Game, Ender's
Shadow, and Speaker for the Dead, which are widely read by adults and
younger readers, and are increasingly used in schools.
Besides these and other science fiction novels, Card writes contemporary
fantasy (Magic Street,Enchantment,Lost Boys), biblical novels (Stone Tables,Rachel and Leah), the American frontier fantasy series The Tales of Alvin Maker
(beginning with Seventh Son), poetry (An Open Book), and many plays and
scripts.
Card was born in Washington and grew up in California, Arizona, and
Utah. He served a mission for the LDS Church in Brazil in the early 1970s.
Besides his writing, he teaches occasional classes and workshops and directs
plays. He also teaches writing and literature at Southern Virginia University.
Card currently lives in Greensboro, North Carolina, with his wife,
Kristine Allen Card, and their youngest child, Zina Margaret.